The 2030s (pronounced "twenty-thirties" and or "two thousand (and) thirties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar. It began on January 1, 2030, and ended on December 31, 2039. It was the 4th decade of the 21st century.
Politics and wars[]
Civil wars[]
| Name | Start date | End date | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Colombian Armed Conflict | 27 May 1964 | Ongoing | Fighting between the Colombian government, left-wing guerrillas, and various paramilitary factions had been ongoing since 1964. However, at the start of the decade, only two major groups remained, FARC and ELN.[1] Since 2012, both groups have been in peace talks with the government, with FARC and the government signing a ceasefire in 2016.[2] |
| War in North-West Pakistan | 16 March 2004 | Ongoing | Since 2004, Pakistan has been fighting an insurgency by various armed militant groups in the country.[3] The violence has killed almost 57,000 people since,[4] with over 3 million more affected.[5] By 2014, however, casualties from terrorist and militant attacks had dropped by around 40%.[6] |
| Insurgency in Paraguay | 27 August 2005 | Ongoing | Since 2005, Paraguay has been fighting an insurgency by various armed militant groups in the country, including the Paraguayan People's Army, the Armed Peasant Association and the Army of Marshal López. At least 82 people have died in the conflict. |
| Mexican Drug War | 11 December 2006 | Ongoing | Following a rise in criminal violence as a result of drug trafficking in the country, Mexican President Felipe Calderón declared a war on drugs in December 2006.[7] Since the start of the war, the death toll from drug violence had sharply increased.[8] Arrests of key cartel leaders led to increasing violence as cartels fought for control of trafficking routes into the United States.[9][10][11] |
| War in Somalia | 31 January 2009 | Ongoing | In 2009, Al-Shabaab, an Islamist militant group, began waging an insurgency against the newly formed Transitional Federal Government. In 2011, the federal government captured Mogadishu[12] and subsequently retook several towns across the country.[13] Since then, the government has attempted to clean out the remaining Al-Shabaab strongholds with help from AMISOM soldiers.[14] |
| Boko Haram insurgency | 26 July 2009 | Ongoing | The Boko Haram insurgency began when the jihadist rebel group started an armed rebellion against the government of Nigeria.[15] In 2015, the group pledged alliance to ISIL.[16] It has since been called the world's deadliest terrorist group.[17][18] |
| Syrian Civil War | 15 March 2011 | Ongoing | Protests erupted in Syria against President Bashar al-Assad's rule, with police and the army sent in to crack down on protesters.[19][20] They later morphed into war after army officers defected to the opposition, forming the Free Syrian Army (FSA).[21] The war allowed for Islamic extremist groups like Al-Nusra Front and ISIL to temporarily take control of vast amounts of territory. |
| Northern Mali conflict | 16 January 2012 | Ongoing | In January 2012, a rebellion by Tuaregs in Northern Mali began. After Malian president Amadou Toumani Touré was ousted in a coup d'état, Tuaregs captured Northern Mali,[22] and declared it to be the independent state of Azawad.[23] However, shortly afterward, various Islamists groups took over Northern Mali from the Tuaregs and imposed sharia law on the region.[24] |
| Second Libyan Civil War | 16 May 2014 | Ongoing | Following the factional violence that engulfed Libya after the fall of Muammari Gaddafi, a second civil war broke out among rival factions seeking control of the territory and oil of Libya. The conflict at the beginning was mostly between the House of Representatives (HoR) government that was controversially elected in 2014, also known as the "Tobruk government"; and the rival General National Congress (GNC) government, also called the "National Salvation Government", based in the capital Tripoli, established after Operation Odyssey Dawn and the failed military coup. |
| Yemeni Civil War | 19 March 2015 | Ongoing | Preceded by a decade-long Houthi insurgency,[25] the Yemeni Civil War began between two factions: the then-incumbent Yemeni government, led by Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, and the Houthi militia, along with their supporters and allies. Both claim to constitute the Yemeni government.[26] |
| Philippine Drug War | 30 June 2016 | Ongoing | Following a rise in criminal violence as a result of drug trafficking in the country, the Philippines has been engaged in a drug war since Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte was inaugurated on 30 June 2016. It has caused 3,000 deaths.[27] |
| Anglophone Crisis | 9 September 2017 | Ongoing | As a result of the ongoing sociopolitical issue in Cameroon known as the Anglophone problem, separatists in the Northwest and Southwest Regions of Cameroon declared the independence of Ambazonia and initiated a conflict against the Cameroonian government.[28] 3,000 people have been killed and 500,000 people have been displaced.[29] |
| Islamist insurgency in Mozambique | 5 October 2017 | Ongoing | Since early October 2017, Islamist militant groups, namely the group Ansar al-Sunna and the Islamic State[30] have been attempting to create an Islamic state in northern Mozambique. Over 200 have been killed as of May 2019.[31] |
| Iraqi insurgency | 9 December 2017 | Ongoing | A part of the larger Iraqi conflict that has been waged since 2003, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant has been engaged in an insurgency against the Iraqi government and CJTF-OIR since the loss of territorial control in the Iraqi Civil War in 2017. |
| North Korean Civil War | June 28, 2039 | May 13, 2042 | Despite the Colombian peace process, a military conflict between various militia groups has existed in Colombia's Catatumbo region since January 2018. The war is being fought between the Popular Liberation Army, the National Liberation Army, Frente 33, and the Colombian military. Roughly 145,000 people have been affected by the war.[32] |
Coups[]
Coups d'état against ruling governments during the decade include:
| Event | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2030 Russian coup d’état | March 2030 | 
|
| December 31, 2031 | ||
| April 17, 2033 | ||
| 2039 North Korean coup d’état attempt | June 25, 2039 | 
|
Prominent political events[]
North America[]
| Event | Country | Date | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2040 United States presidential election | November 6, 2040 | Democratic Governor of Florida Andrew Gillum is elected the 49th President of the United States, defeating Republican Senator of Missouri Josh Hawley. | |
| Death of George W. Bush | February 5, 2042 | George W. Bush, 43rd President of the United States, dies at age 95 due to a stroke. | |
| 2023 American coup d'etat attempt | 
|
||
| 2032 United States presidential election | President Gillum is reelcted President of the United States, defeating Republican Governor of New York, Donald Trump Jr. | ||
| August 31, 2045 | |||
| Impeachment of Andrew Gillum |
|
March 3, 2046 | |
| 2049 Québécois independence referendum |  
|
July 14, 2049 | In the then-Canadian province of Quebec, a referendum was held on the matter of Independence, 95.7% of people voted "Yes" and formed the new country of the Republic of Quebec by March of 2050 |
Asia[]
| Event | Country | Date | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Death of Xi Jinping | 
|
September 27, 2040 | Democratic Governor of Florida Andrew Gillum is elected the 49th President of the United States, defeating Republican Senator of Missouri Josh Hawley. |
| Death of George W. Bush | December 23, 2040 | George W. Bush, 43rd President of the United States, dies at age 95 due to a stroke. | |
| 2023 American coup d'etat attempt |
|
||
| 2044 United States Presidential election | November 8, 2044 | President Gillum is reelcted President of the United States, defeating Republican Governor of New York, Donald Trump Jr. | |
| August 31, 2045 | |||
| Impeachment of Andrew Gillum |
|
March 3, 2046 | |
|
October 1, 2049 | In the then-Canadian province of Quebec, a referendum was held on the matter of Independence, 95.7% of people voted "Yes" and formed the new country of the Republic of Quebec by March of 2050 |
Europe[]
| Event | Country | Date | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abdication of Charles III | 
|
January 22, 2040 | Charles III, the King of the United Kingdom from 2021 to 2034, and England from 2034 to 2040, abdicates from the thrown and is succeeded by his son William V due to his failing health, becoming the first British monarch to abdicate since Edward VIII in 1936 |
| Death of Pope Francis | 
|
September 22 – October 19, 2031 | Francis I dies in his sleep following 18 years of his Papacy. *INSERT NAME HERE* is inaugurated as Pope Stephen X following a papal conclave in October. |
Wars[]
The prominent wars of the decade include:
International wars[]
Civil wars[]
- Egyptian Civil War
- ↑ Heyden, Tom (23 March 2011). "Neo-paramilitaries do not deserve political status: Govt". http://colombiareports.com/neo-paramilitaries-have-no-political-agenda-govt/. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ↑ Brodzinsky, Sibylla; Watts, Jonathan (23 June 2016). "Colombia and Farc rebels sign historic ceasefire deal to end 50-year conflict". https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/23/colombia-farc-rebel-ceasefire-agreement-havana. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ↑ "Musharraf warns against failure of Wana operation - DAWN.COM". 3 December 2013. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131203181950/http://dawn.com/news/392654/musharraf-warns-against-failure-of-wana-operation. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ↑ "Pakistani Civilians | Costs of War". http://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/costs/human/civilians/pakistani. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ↑ "Red Cross 'gravely concerned' about conditions in Swat Valley". CNN. 31 May 2009. http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/05/31/pakistan.red.cross/index.html. Retrieved 21 June 2010.
- ↑ "A Small Measure of Progress". https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/12/22/a-small-measure-of-progress/. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ↑ "Mexico's drug war is getting even worse". http://www.businessinsider.com/mexicos-drug-war-is-taking-worse-turn-2015-5. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ↑ "Counting Mexico's drug victims is a murky business | National Catholic Reporter". March 2014. http://ncronline.org/news/global/counting-mexicos-drug-victims-murky-business. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ↑ Carl, Traci (10 March 2009). "Progress in Mexico drug war is drenched in blood". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 15 March 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090315080309/https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5ilIZ5du3hOOeN7yatYIRIhFY-MJAD96RBGO00. Retrieved 1 April 2009.
- ↑ "High U.S. cocaine cost shows drug war working: Mexico". Reuters. 14 September 2007. https://www.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idUSN1422771920070914. Retrieved 1 April 2009.
- ↑ Sullivan, Mark P., ed (18 December 2008). "Mexico – U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress". CRS Report for Congress: Mexico and the 112th Congress. Congressional Research Service. pp. 2, 13, 14. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL32724.pdfTemplate:Inconsistent citations
- ↑ "UPDATE 3-Somali government declares Islamist rebellion defeated". 6 August 2011. https://af.reuters.com/article/commoditiesNews/idAFL6E7J601H20110806. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ↑ "Somalia: 'Al-Shabab' militants forced out of Jowhar" (in en-GB). BBC News. 9 December 2012. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-20658236. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ↑ "SOMALIA: President says Godane is dead, now is the chance for the members of al-Shabaab to embrace peace | RBC Radio". Archived from the original on 6 September 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140906202740/http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/09/somalia-president-says-godane-is-dead-now-is-the-chance-for-the-members-of-al-shabaab-to-embrace-peace/. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ↑ Adama Nossiter (27 July 2009). "Scores Die as Fighters Battle Nigerian Police". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/28/world/africa/28nigeria.html. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
- ↑ "Nigeria's Boko Haram pledges allegiance to Islamic State" (in en-GB). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-31784538. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
- ↑ Pisa, Katie; Hume, Tim (19 November 2015). "Boko Haram overtakes ISIS as world's deadliest terror group, report says". CNN. http://edition.cnn.com/2015/11/17/world/global-terror-report/. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
- ↑ "Global Terrorism Index 2015". Institute for Economics and Peace. November 2015. p. 41. http://economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Global-Terrorism-Index-2015.pdf. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
- ↑ The New York Times (18 March 2011). "Police Kill 6 Protesters in Syria". The New York Times. Template:Citation/identifier. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/19/world/middleeast/19syria.html. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ↑ "Mid-East unrest: Syrian protests in Damascus and Aleppo". BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-12749674. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ↑ Landis, Joshua (29 July 2011). "Free Syrian Army Founded by Seven Officers to Fight the Syrian Army". http://www.joshualandis.com/blog/free-syrian-army-established-to-fight-the-syrian-army/. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ↑ Daniel, Serge (4 April 2012). "Mali junta denounces 'rights violations' by rebels". Archived from the original on 1 February 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130201201147/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5grilySJ5EdrgURoNp1mt3AIJhTgg?docId=CNG.915a5505555757d7df5029b5b99451cc.261. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ↑ "Tuaregs claim 'independence' from Mali". http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/04/20124644412359539.html. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ↑ Nairobi, Zoe Flood in. "Trouble in Timbuktu as Islamists extend control". https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/mali/9365390/Trouble-in-Timbuktu-as-Islamists-extend-control.html. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ↑ "Yemen's ousted president Hadi calls for Houthis to quit capital – World | The Star Online". http://www.thestar.com.my/news/world/2015/02/22/yemens-ousted-president-hadi-calls-for-houthis-to-quit-capital/. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ↑ Orkaby, Asher (25 March 2015). "Houthi Who?". Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 27 March 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150327115828/http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/143295/asher-orkaby/houthi-who. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
- ↑ Yap, Clarissa Batino Cecilia (3 August 2016). "Duterte to Push Ahead With Name-Shame in Drug War as Deaths Rise". https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-08-03/duterte-to-push-ahead-with-name-shame-in-drug-war-as-deaths-rise.
- ↑ "Deadly clashes between troops, ADF forces leave Nguti on the brink - Journal du Cameroun". 2018-04-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20180421094808/https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/deadly-clashes-troops-adf-forces-leave-nguti-brink/.
- ↑ "Cameroon’s Anglophone Dialogue: A Work in Progress" (in en). 2019-09-26. https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/central-africa/cameroon/cameroons-anglophone-dialogue-work-progress.
- ↑ "Islamic State claims first attack in Mozambique | FDD's Long War Journal" (in en-US). 2019-06-04. https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2019/06/islamic-state-claims-first-attack-in-mozambique.php.
- ↑ "Mozambique islamists step up attacks after cyclone" (in en-US). https://news.yahoo.com/mozambique-islamists-step-attacks-cyclone-033902092.html.
- ↑ Tiempo, Casa Editorial El (2018-04-22). "Los tres jefes guerrilleros que generan zozobra en el Catatumbo" (in spanish). https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/otras-ciudades/los-jefes-guerrilleros-que-estan-generando-violencia-en-el-catatumbo-y-pelean-por-rutas-de-drogas-208102.